Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of <i>ortho</i>- and <i>para</i>-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and <i>in silico</i> ADME studies

Abstract This work evaluates the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of two metformin hydrochloride-based Schiff bases. Moreover, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine cytotoxic effects HL1 HL2 on A549 lung cancer cell line. The bases that have been previously synthesized by using effective, green techniques, namely stirring microwave-assisted, are N , -dimethyl- ′-[( Z )-(2-nitrophenyl) methylidene] imidodicarbonimidic diamide )-(4-nitrophenyl) diamide, indicated HL2, respectively. Studies efficacy alpha-amylase revealed has a higher inhibition than HL1, but results sucrase enzyme showed had highest inhibitory action, whereas outcome test with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl demonstrated most effective antioxidant, followed ascorbic acid HL1. In MTT assay, best result, an IC 50 value 57.13 µg/mL compared 76.83 µg/mL. It observed against human line A459. findings were supported computational pharmacokinetic studies (SwissADME). Based empirical studies, we suggest promising candidates as antioxidants antidiabetics after being examined vivo .